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34No. 292 | May 2025be called the Khorasani style or the Eastern Nastaliq. The style of Abd al-Rahman al-Khwarizmi, a calligrapher at the court of Sultan Yaqub Aq Qoyunlu, became popular in the western and southern parts of Iran, and was later popularized by his sons Abd al-Rahim and Abd al-Karim and their followers within a limited time and place. The differences in these two styles are that in the Western style, words and letters are written very sharply, and the lines are long yet smooth, and the circles are larger than usual, while being. However, in the Eastern or Khorasani style, the size of the words and letters was moderate.This style is the one that has reached us in its current form after going through evolution for more than four centuries. The Western style, on the other hand, was, after a rather short while, rejected by scribes. With the abandonment of the Western style, the Eastern or Khorasani style continued to evolve after the initial stages, gradually and hand in hand with calligraphers. With the beginning of the Qajar rule, the Nastaliq script entered another stage of development and changes, especially in the second half of the 13th century.With the advent of the printing industry and its role in spreading Nastaliq calligraphy, conditions were created to stimulate the creative and innovative genius of Mirza Mohammad Reza Kalhor (1829-1892 CE). Kalhor created a new style, and the current Nastaliq is the product of his initiative and thought. Kalhor followed the same method as Mir Emad, but added his own taste and creativity to it. Today, experts in Nastaliq calligraphy mainly believe in two distinct styles, namely the %u201cOld or Mir Emad style%u201d and the %u201cNew or Kalhor style%u201d.Characteristics of the Old (Pre-Qajar) or Emad StyleChoosing a specialized pen, focusing on the style, elegance, smoothness, strength of hand, sharpness, rapidity, artistic expression in the form of calligraphy and Chalipa, valuing the independence and features of letters and words, and the use of words are among the most important characteristics of this style of calligraphy. In the Mir Emad style, the circles are wider and more extensive, and the hollow is in the form of an oval that is diagonal and is located in the last third of it. The modes and stretches are complete and long, up to eleven points of the pen and sometimes beyond it, while the end of the modes is seen to be lighter and thinner. The thinness of the letters is observed during the ascent and descent, and the lines and distances between the letters and words are greater.