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No. 292 | May 202537show that the people of Iran have been performing music since ancient times. This music has left a noticeable impact on world music at different times, such that, according to some experts, the basis of new European notation is based on the principles and rules that Muhammad Farabi (870 to 950 or 951 AD), the Iranian scientist and musician, has put forward.The works left by Abu Ali Sina, Farabi, Qutbuddin Shirazi, and Abdul-Qahir Maraghehei, which were written until the middle of the 15th century AD, prove that music was considered a science, but due to certain social, less attention was paid to it until toward the end of the Zand era (1751 to 1794 AD) - during which Mushtaq Ali Shah and Parikhan were considered prominent musicians -and no significant musical work had been produced by Iranian artists. Although there are evidences that show Nadir Shah Afshar (reigned from 1735 to 1747 AD) was interested in music, it was during the Qajar era that Iranian music, once again, began to flourish.Iranian Music in the Modern TimesThe Qajar era (1796 to 1925 AD) was a period in which Iranian music progressed in different dimensions, especially religious dimensions. During this period, people like Seyyed Ahmad Khan, who was the first Iranian singer to record his songs on a gramophone, emerged. Qoli Khan was another artist who performed Ta%u2019zia and sang Dashti songs.After the establishment of Dar al-Funun and the arrival of European music teachers and trainers to Iran, Iranian music also moved towards using modern music theories. Music lessons were taught in both Persian and French languages at Dar al-Funun. This trend reached maturity during the Pahlavi era (1925 to 1979 AD).The Substance of Iranian MusicIn terms of its contents, the melodies and poems used in Iranian music make the listeners delve into immaterial horizons. In addition to this, there is a kind of epic and thrilling beat in Iranian music, which is rooted in the spirit of bravery of Iranians and inspires the listeners.Iranian music is a collection of melodies of different communities who live in different regions of Iran, including Azarbaijan, Gilan, Khorasan, Bakhtiari, Kurdistan, Shiraz, and Baluchistan, and they have many differences not only in terms of melodies but also in terms of language and dialect, which make Iranian music rich.Iranian Musical InstrumentsIranian musical instruments can be divided into three categories:1. Wind instruments such as reeds, sorna, karna or karnay, and reeds;2. Stringed instruments such as kamancheh, oud, rubab, and tar;3. Percussion instruments such as dohol, daf, drum, and tonbak.