36No. 280 | february 2025By: Dr. Aiza Maslan BaharudinSenior Lecturer of Philosophy and Civilization Section, School of Humanities-USM (aizamaslan@usm.my)The Fundamental Difference Between the Concept of Disavowal of Polytheists in Imam Khomeini%u2019s Thought and ISIS%u2019s Takfiri Thought